经颅直流电刺激（tDCS)一种非侵入性的利用恒定、低强度直流电进行神经调节的技术,其通过电极将电流输送到特定的脑区,目前用于某些疾病研究:中风后康复,疼痛，帕金森,癫痫,阿兹海默,抑郁，精神分裂等,而在健康被试者身上的试验已经表明其可用于认知提高，比如提高语言、记忆、数学、注意力、协调等研究。

    美国Activa公司出品的tDCS产品因其方便、便宜、易操作的特点被新墨西哥大学Vince Clark教授(tDCS科研奠基人之一，neuroimage编委)选作指定的研究工具。

    Activa产品已经被多个实验室使用，发表数百篇科研文献，完全是科研级别的设备，由于其价格非常低廉，您无需申请大量科研经费即可购买全套tDCS设备，立即开展科研实验。或者同时准备多台进行群体实验。

产品特点：

1.双通道,双可调节旋钮,用于调节电流强度及时间;

2.高清显示刺激剂量：电流强度、刺激时间；

3.刺激量足；

4.刺激剂量达到最多每分钟80mA;

5.拥有阻抗测试功能，在电极阻抗较高时自动给予

视觉、听觉报警；并自动限制电流及中断刺激；

6.自动计算刺激时间，并在刺激中断后进行重新计算；

tDCS套件包含:

1.刺激器主机一个;

2.正负极导线一对;

3.夹贴式导线一对;

4.一对电极(2x2或3x3)

5.2节9伏碱性电池；

6.10片可替换电极

选配件：

纽扣电极           碳纤维电极     口袋电极       针状电极导线      盐水海绵电极

使用Activa(PM850)产品发表文献节选：

1.      Baker JM, Rorden C, Fridriksson J. Usingtranscranial direct-current stimulation to treat stroke patients with aphasia. Stroke. 2010;41(6):1229-36.

2.      BenningerDH, Lomarev M, Lopez G, Pal N, Luckenbaugh DA, Hallett M. Transcranial directcurrent stimulation for the treatment of focal hand dystonia. Movement Disorders. 2011;26(9):1698-702.

3.      BenningerDH, Lomarev M, Lopez G, Wassermann EM, Li X, Considine E, et al. Transcranialdirect current stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.2010;81(10):1105-11.

4.      BorckardtJJ, Bikson M, Frohman H, Reeves ST, Datta A, Bansal V, et al. A pilot study ofthe tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct currentstimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception. The Journalof Pain. 2012;13(2):112-20.

5.      BradnamLV, Stinear CM, Barber PA, Byblow WD. Contralesional hemisphere control of theproximal paretic upper limb following stroke. CerebralCortex. 2012;22(11):2662-71.

6.      CantareroG, Spampinato D, Reis J, Ajagbe L, Thompson T, Kulkarni K, et al. Cerebellardirect current stimulation enhances on-line motor skill acquisition through aneffect on accuracy. The Journal of Neuroscience.2015;35(7):3285-90.

7.      CantareroG, Tang B, O'Malley R, Salas R, Celnik P. Motor learning interference isproportional to occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. TheJournal of Neuroscience. 2013;33(11):4634-41.

8.      CelnikP, Paik N-J, Vandermeeren Y, Dimyan M, Cohen LG. Effects of combined peripheralnerve stimulation and brain polarization on performance of a motor sequencetask after chronic stroke. Stroke.2009;40(5):1764-71.

9.      CerrutiC, Schlaug G. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontalcortex enhances complex verbal associative thought.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2009;21(10):1980-7.

10.   Clark VP,Coffman BA, Mayer AR, Weisend MP, Lane TD, Calhoun VD, et al. TDCS guided usingfMRI significantly accelerates learning to identify concealed objects. Neuroimage. 2012;59(1):117-28.

11.   Clarke PJ,Browning M, Hammond G, Notebaert L, MacLeod C. The causal role of thedorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the modification of attentional bias: Evidencefrom transcranial direct current stimulation. Biologicalpsychiatry. 2014;76(12):946-52.

12.   Galea JM,Vazquez A, Pasricha N, de Xivry J-JO, Celnik P. Dissociating the roles of thecerebellum and motor cortex during adaptive learning: the motor cortex retainswhat the cerebellum learns. Cerebral Cortex.2011;21(8):1761-70.

13.   GoldmanRL, Borckardt JJ, Frohman HA, O’Neil PM, Madan A, Campbell LK, et al.Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) temporarilyreduces food cravings and increases the self-reported ability to resist food inadults with frequent food craving. Appetite.2011;56(3):741-6.

14.   Halko M,Datta A, Plow E, Scaturro J, Bikson M, Merabet LB. Neuroplastic changesfollowing rehabilitative training correlate with regional electrical fieldinduced with tDCS. Neuroimage.2011;57(3):885-91.

15.   Hamner J,Villamar MF, Fregni F, Taylor JA. Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) and the cardiovascular responses to acute pain in humans. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2015;126(5):1039-46.

16.   Hummel F,Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu W-H, Gerloff C, et al. Effects of non-invasivecortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain. 2005;128(3):490-9.

17.   Hummel F,Cohen LG. Improvement of motor function with noninvasive cortical stimulationin a patient with chronic stroke. Neurorehabilitationand neural repair. 2005;19(1):14-9.

18.   Hummel FC,Heise K, Celnik P, Floel A, Gerloff C, Cohen LG. Facilitating skilled righthand motor function in older subjects by anodal polarization over the leftprimary motor cortex. Neurobiology of aging.2010;31(12):2160-8.

19.   Iyer M,Mattu U, Grafman J, Lomarev M, Sato S, Wassermann E. Safety and cognitiveeffect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals. Neurology. 2005;64(5):872-5.

20.   Jayaram G,Tang B, Pallegadda R, Vasudevan EV, Celnik P, Bastian A. Modulating locomotoradaptation with cerebellar stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology.2012;107(11):2950-7.

21.   Koo YS,Kim SM, Lee C, Lee BU, Moon YJ, Cho YW, et al. Transcranial direct currentstimulation on primary sensorimotor area has no effect in patients withdrug-naïve restless legs syndrome: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Sleep medicine. 2015;16(2):280-7.

22.   Kwon YH,Kang KW, Son SM, Lee NK. Is effect of transcranial direct current stimulationon visuomotor coordination dependent on task difficulty? Neural regeneration research. 2015;10(3):463.

23.   LindenbergR, Renga V, Zhu L, Nair D, Schlaug G. Bihemispheric brain stimulationfacilitates motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Neurology.2010;75(24):2176-84.

24.   LindenbergR, Zhu LL, Rüber T, Schlaug G. Predicting functional motor potential in chronicstroke patients using diffusion tensor imaging. Humanbrain mapping. 2012;33(5):1040-51.

25.   LindenbergR, Zhu LL, Schlaug G. Combined Central and Peripheral Stimulation to FacilitateMotor Recovery After Stroke The Effect of Number of Sessions on Outcome. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.2012;26(5):479-83.

26.   McCambridgeAB, Bradnam LV, Stinear CM, Byblow WD. Cathodal transcranial direct currentstimulation of the primary motor cortex improves selective muscle activation inthe ipsilateral arm. Journal of neurophysiology.2011;105(6):2937-42.

27.   McCambridgeAB, Stinear JW, Byblow WD. A dissociation between propriospinal facilitationand inhibition after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2014;111(11):2187-95.

28.   RassovskyY, Dunn W, Wynn J, Wu AD, Iacoboni M, Hellemann G, et al. The effect oftranscranial direct current stimulation on social cognition in schizophrenia: Apreliminary study. Schizophrenia research.2015;165(2):171-4.

29.   ReidlerJS, Mendonca ME, Santana MB, Wang X, Lenkinski R, Motta AF, et al. Effects ofmotor cortex modulation and descending inhibitory systems on pain thresholds inhealthy subjects. The Journal of Pain.2012;13(5):450-8.

30.   Reis J,Schambra HM, Cohen LG, Buch ER, Fritsch B, Zarahn E, et al. Noninvasivecortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple daysthrough an effect on consolidation. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. 2009;106(5):1590-5.

31.   RushmoreR, DeSimone C, Valero‐Cabré A. Multiple sessions of transcranial direct currentstimulation to the intact hemisphere improves visual function after unilateralablation of visual cortex. European Journal ofNeuroscience. 2013;38(12):3799-807.

32.   SalimpourY, Shadmehr R. Motor costs and the coordination of the two arms. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014;34(5):1806-18.

33.   ShahbabaieA, Golesorkhi M, Zamanian B, Ebrahimpoor M, Keshvari F, Nejati V, et al. Statedependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) onmethamphetamine craving. International Journal ofNeuropsychopharmacology. 2014;17(10):1591-8.

34.   SoekadarSR, Witkowski M, Birbaumer N, Cohen LG. Enhancing Hebbian learning to controlbrain oscillatory activity. Cerebral Cortex.2015;25(9):2409-15.

35.   Vines BW,Cerruti C, Schlaug G. Dual-hemisphere tDCS facilitates greater improvements forhealthy subjects' non-dominant hand compared to uni-hemisphere stimulation. BMC neuroscience. 2008;9(1):103.

36.   Yoon EJ,Kim YK, Kim H-R, Kim SE, Lee Y, Shin HI. Transcranial Direct CurrentStimulation to Lessen Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury A MechanisticPET Study. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.2013:1545968313507632.

37.   You DS,Kim D-Y, Chun MH, Jung SE, Park SJ. Cathodal transcranial direct currentstimulation of the right Wernicke’s area improves comprehension in subacutestroke patients. Brain and language.2011;119(1):1-5.

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